What is the basic structure of chromosomes?

A chromosome consists of two shorter segments known as "p arms" and two longer sections referred to as "q arms." These arms are joined at the center by a region called the centromere. The position of the centromere on a chromosome defines its distinctive shape and can be utilized to describe the relative locations of particular genes. Additionally, the ends of the chromosome are capped telomeres. The majority of bacteria possess either one or two circular chromosomes. In contrast, humans, as well as other animals and plants, have chromosomes that are linear in shape.