What is the significance of RNA sequencing?

RNA-Seq allows researchers to quantify the expression levels of novel or known transcripts accurately. For example, by aligning sequencing reads to a reference genome or transcriptome, it can identify and quantify known genes and transcripts. Beyond known transcripts, RNA-Seq can uncover novel transcript isoforms arising from alternative splicing events or alternative transcription start sites. RNA-Seq can also identify SNVs within transcribed regions of the genome, enabling the detection of point mutations. It can also detect gene fusions. RNA-Seq provides more precise quantification of RNA expression levels compared to microarrays since it is quantitative. Additionally, single-molecule RNA sequencing allows for the direct sequencing of individual RNA molecules, producing complete cDNA transcripts without the need for cloning or assembling fragmented transcripts.