Fatty acids have several crucial biological, functional, and structural roles in the human body. The most important functions of fatty acids include:
Major source of energy storage and provision – Fatty acids store excess dietary carbohydrates as triacylglycerol in adipose tissue. When needed, the fatty acids from triacylglycerol are released to provide energy for various activities.
Formation of healthy cellular membranes – Fatty acids impart the cell membranes with critical flexibility, fluidity, and permeability to ensure their smooth functioning. They also promote passive transport of molecules through the cellular membrane.
Ensure proper development and functioning of the brain and nervous system
Regulation of intracellular signaling pathways
Hormone production and regulation
Regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, blood clotting, and liver function
Regulation of transcription factor activity and gene expression