DiYO™-1 [equivalent to YOYO®-1] 5 mM DMSO Solution

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Physical properties

Molecular weight	1270.65
Solvent	DMSO

Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	98900¹
Excitation (nm)	491
Emission (nm)	508
Quantum yield	0.52¹

Storage, safety and handling

H-phrase	H303, H313, H340
Hazard symbol	T
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R20, R21, R68
Storage	Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC	41116134

Alternative formats

DiYO™-1 [equivalent to YOYO®-1]

Overview SDS Protocol

CAS

143413-85-8

Molecular weight

1270.65

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)

98900¹

Excitation (nm)

491

Emission (nm)

508

Quantum yield

0.52¹

DiYO™-1 is chemically equivalent to YOYO®-1 (YOYO® is the trademark of Invitrogen). DiYO™-1 is a carbocyanine dimer with green fluorescence similar to FITC. It is cell-impermeant and easily distinguished from Cy5 and rhodamines as a nuclear counterstain and dead cell indicator. It is non-fluorescent in the absence of nucleic acids, and generates a very bright fluorescence signal upon binding to DNA. DiYO™-1 gives strong and selective nuclear staining in cultured cells and in paraffin sections. Simultaneous labeling with cell-permeable Nuclear Red™ LCS1 dye and cell-impermeant DiYO®-1 can be used to assess cell viability. DiYO™-1 and Nuclear Red™ both have much greater extinction coefficients than that of DNA-bound propidium iodide.

Platform

Fluorescence microscope

Excitation	FITC filter set
Emission	FITC filter set
Recommended plate	Black wall/clear bottom
Instrument specification(s)	FITC filter set

Example protocol

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

DiYO™-1 working solution

Make DiYO™-1 working solution in Hanks with 20 mM Hepes buffer (HH buffer) or buffer of your choice at your desired concentration.
Note In initial experiments, it may be best to try several dye concentrations to determine the optimal concentration that yields the desired result. High dye concentration tends to cause nonspecific staining of other cellular structures.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Caution: The following protocol can be adapted for most cell types. Growth medium, cell density, the presence of other cell types and factors may influence staining. Residual detergent on glassware may also affect staining of many organisms, and cause brightly stained material to appear in solutions with or without cells present.

Grow and treat cells as desired.
Remove the cell culture medium and fix cells.
Add DiYO™-1 working solution (1 to 10 µM) into the cells (either suspension or adherent cells), and stain the cells for 15 to 60 minutes.
Remove the dye working solution and add HH buffer or buffer of your choice.
Analyze the cellular staining with a fluorescence microscope using FITC filter.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of DiYO™-1 [equivalent to YOYO®-1] *5 mM DMSO Solution* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

	0.1 mg	0.5 mg	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	78.7 µL	393.499 µL	786.999 µL	3.935 mL	7.87 mL
5 mM	15.74 µL	78.7 µL	157.4 µL	786.999 µL	1.574 mL
10 mM	7.87 µL	39.35 µL	78.7 µL	393.499 µL	786.999 µL

Molarity calculator

Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.

Mass (Calculate)		Molecular weight		Volume (Calculate)		Concentration (Calculate)		Moles
	/		=		x		=

Spectrum

Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer

Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	98900¹
Excitation (nm)	491
Emission (nm)	508
Quantum yield	0.52¹

Product Family

Name	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)	Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)
DiYO™-3 [equivalent to YOYO®-3] 5 mM DMSO Solution CAS 156312-20-8	612	631	167000¹
Oxazine 1 CAS 24796-94-9	648	668	123000
DiTO™-1 [equivalent to TOTO®-1] 5 mM DMSO Solution CAS 143413-84-7	514	531	117000¹
JC-1 [5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide] CAS#: 3520-43-2	515	530	195000¹
BTA-1 [2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)benzothiazole]	349	421	-
DiPO™-1 [equivalent to POPO®-1] 1 mM DMSO Solution	433	457	92000¹

Images

Figure 1. Chemical structure for DiYO™-1 [equivalent to YOYO®-1] *5 mM DMSO Solution*

Citations

View all 6 citations: Citation Explorer

GRP75-driven, cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles underlies distinct gene therapy effect in ovarian cancer
Authors: Su, Linjia and Sun, Zhe and Qi, Fangzheng and Su, Huishan and Qian, Luomeng and Li, Jing and Zuo, Liang and Huang, Jinhai and Yu, Zhilin and Li, Jinping and others,
Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2022): 1--20

Smooth muscle cell specific NEMO deficiency inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice
Authors: Imai, Takashi and Van, Trieu-My and Pasparakis, Manolis and Polykratis, Apostolos
Journal: Scientific Reports (2022): 1--12

Extracellular DNA: A Critical Aspect of Marine Biofilms
Authors: Tuck, Benjamin and Salgar-Chaparro, Silvia J and Watkin, Elizabeth and Somers, Anthony and Forsyth, Maria and Machuca, Laura L
Journal: Microorganisms (2022): 1285

A viral ubiquitination switch attenuates innate immunity and triggers nuclear import of virion DNA and infection
Authors: Bauer, Michael and Gomez-Gonzalez, Alfonso and Suomalainen, Maarit and Schilling, Nicolas and Hemmi, Silvio and Greber, Urs F
Journal: Science advances (2021): eabl7150

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 enhances nuclear import of viral DNA by inactivating a virion linchpin protein that suppresses exposure of virion pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Authors: Bauer, Michael and Gomez-Gonzalez, Alfonso and Suomalainen, Maarit and Hemmi, Silvio and Greber, Urs F
Journal: bioRxiv (2020)

Characterizing single-molecule conformational changes under shear flow with fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Pisapati, Avani V and Wang, Yi and Blauch, Megan E and Wittenberg, Nathan J and Cheng, Xuanhong and Zhang, X Frank
Journal: JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) (2020): e60784

References

View all 22 references: Citation Explorer

Plasmalemma permeability and necrotic cell death phenotypes after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Zhu X, Tao L, Tejima-M and eville E, Qiu J, Park J, Garber K, Ericsson M, Lo EH, Whalen MJ.
Journal: Stroke (2012): 524

Intra-organ Biodistribution of Gold Nanoparticles Using Intrinsic Two-photon Induced Photoluminescence
Authors: Park J, Estrada A, Schwartz JA, Diagaradjane P, Krishnan S, Dunn AK, Tunnell JW.
Journal: Lasers Surg Med (2010): 630

Screening by imaging: scaling up single-DNA-molecule analysis with a novel parabolic VA-TIRF reflector and noise-reduction techniques
Authors: van 't Hoff M, Reuter M, Dryden DT, Oheim M.
Journal: Phys Chem Chem Phys (2009): 7713

Novel anatomic structures in the brain and spinal cord of rabbit that may belong to the Bonghan system of potential acupuncture meridians
Authors: Lee BC, Kim S, Soh KS.
Journal: J Acupunct Meridian Stud (2008): 29

Triplet fraction buildup effect of the DNA-YOYO complex studied with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Shimizu M, Sasaki S, Kinjo M.
Journal: Anal Biochem (2007): 87

DNA length evaluation using cyanine dye and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Shimizu M, Sasaki S, Tsuruoka M.
Journal: Biomacromolecules (2005): 2703

Implementation of accurate and fast DNA cytometry by confocal microscopy in 3D
Authors: Ploeger LS, Huisman A, van der Gugten J, van der Giezen DM, Belien JA, Abbaker AY, Dullens HF, Grizzle W, Poulin NM, Meijer GA, van Diest PJ.
Journal: Cell Oncol (2005): 225

TO-PRO-3 is an optimal fluorescent dye for nuclear counterstaining in dual-colour FISH on paraffin sections
Authors: Bink K, Walch A, Feuchtinger A, Eisenmann H, Hutzler P, Hofler H, Werner M.
Journal: Histochem Cell Biol (2001): 293

Oxazole yellow homodimer YOYO-1-labeled DNA: a fluorescent complex that can be used to assess structural changes in DNA following formation and cellular delivery of cationic lipid DNA complexes
Authors: Wong M, Kong S, Dragowska WH, Bally MB.
Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta (2001): 61

Photophysical properties of fluorescent DNA-dyes bound to single- and double-stranded DNA in aqueous buffered solution
Authors: Cosa G, Focsaneanu KS, McLean JR, McNamee JP, Scaiano JC.
Journal: Photochem Photobiol (2001): 585