ReadiLink™ KLH Conjugation Kit

EDC reacts with a carboxyl group of carrier protein BSA or KLH (represented by the red ball), forming an amine-reactive O-acylisourea intermediate (the central molecule). The O-acylisourea intermediate reacts with an amine group on the antigen molecule represented by the smaller blue ball, yielding a conjugate of the two molecules joined by a stable amide bond [Please note the O-acylisourea inermediate is also susceptible to hydrolysis, making it unstable and short-lived in aqueous solution].

Ordering information

Price
Catalog Number
Unit Size
Quantity

Add to cart

Additional ordering information

Telephone	1-800-990-8053
Fax	1-800-609-2943
Email	sales@aatbio.com
Quotation	Request
International	See distributors
Shipping	Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international

Storage, safety and handling

H-phrase	H303, H313, H333
Hazard symbol	XN
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R20, R21, R22
UNSPSC	12352200

Overview SDS Protocol

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) is one of the most commonly used carriers in the conjugation of peptides for antibody production. Mariculture keyhole limpet hemocyanin (mcKLH) is a hemocyanin from the Concholepas concholepas mollusk with immunogenic properties similar to KLH but is more stable and efficient as a carrier protein for the production of antibodies to haptens and peptides. It contains numerous sites per molecule for effective conjugation of peptides and other antigens using amine-reactive or carboxyl-reactive crosslinkers. mcKLH is currently the industry standard for antibody production against a hapten or peptide. This ReadiLink™ KLH Conjugation kit is primarily optimized for the simple preparation of hapten-carrier conjugates for immunization and antibody production. The ReadiLink™ KLH Conjugation kit is one-step conjugation of a hapten to a carrier protein using the carboxyl-reactive carbodiimide as the crosslinker. The resulting conjugate is used for eliciting an immune response and antibody production against the hapten. The carboxyl-reactive carbodiimide reacts with exposed carboxyl and amino groups on peptides and proteins to form stable bonds. These kits contain mcKLH formulated in buffers compatible with the carboxyl-reactive carbodiimide reactions and desalt spin columns, which offer exceptional protein recovery by simple centrifugation step.

Components

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol Summary

Prepare protein solution
Prepare hapten solution
Mix protein with hapten into EDC
Incubate the reaction at RT for 2 hrs
Purify the conjugate by desalting

Important

The following protocol is a general protocol for a wide variety of haptens. Optimize the protocol accordingly for the conjugation efficiencies upon the size and structure of your hapten. Using a molar excess of hapten over carrier protein ensures efficient conjugation. In general, a reaction with equal mass amounts of hapten and carrier protein will achieve sufficient molar excess.

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

1. mcKLH solution (10 mg/mL)

Add 200 µL of ddH₂O into the vial of mcKLH (Component A) to make a 10 mg/mL solution.
Note mcKLH solution appears translucent to whitish-blue typically. Do not vortex or heat the solution, which will precipitate the carrier.

2. Hapten solution

Dissolve up to 2 mg hapten in 450 µL Conjugation Buffer (Component B).
Note Some haptens might have limited solubility, use DMSO (≤30% in the final conjugation solution) to dissolve it first. Higher concentration of DMSO might irreversibly denature the carrier protein.

3. KLH-Hapten working solution

Add the 450 µL hapten solution into the 200 µL of mcKLH solution to have KLH-Hapten working solution.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

KLH-Hapten conjugation

Dissolve one vial of EDC (Component C, 10 mg) in 1 mL of ddH₂O and immediately add 50 µL of this solution to the KLH-Hapten working solution, mix gently. Incubate at room temperature for 2 hours. Purify the conjugate by desalting to remove non-reacted crosslinker and protein preservative (e.g., sodium azide).
Twist off the bottom closure of the desalting column (Component E), and loosen the cap. Place the column in a collection tube.
Centrifuge the column at 1,000g for 2 minutes to remove the storage solution.
Remove the cap and slowly add 1 mL of purification buffer to the column. Centrifuge at 1,000g for 2 minutes, remove the buffer. Repeat this step for 3 additional times, discarding the buffer from the collection tube.
Place the column to a new collection tube, and gently apply the sample into the center of the compact resin bed.
Centrifuge the column at 1,000g for 2 minutes to collect the sample.
The KLH-Hapten conjugate can now be used for immunization. If the KLH-Hapten conjugate is to be stored for more than a few days, sterile filter the conjugate, and store at 4 °C or -20 °C.
Note If the conjugate is to be used within one week, PBS may be used for purification. If the conjugate will be frozen, use the purification buffer salts (Component D) for purification. If DMSO is used in the conjugation, prepare the purification buffer salts with the same percentage of DMSO used for conjugation. This will minimize the precipitation in the column during desalting. If a precipitate formed during conjugation, centrifuge the precipitated material, collect the supernatant and save the precipitate. Purify the supernatant. Combine the precipitate and the purified conjugate.

Images

Figure 1. EDC reacts with a carboxyl group of carrier protein BSA or KLH (represented by the red ball), forming an amine-reactive O-acylisourea intermediate (the central molecule). The O-acylisourea intermediate reacts with an amine group on the antigen molecule represented by the smaller blue ball, yielding a conjugate of the two molecules joined by a stable amide bond [Please note the O-acylisourea inermediate is also susceptible to hydrolysis, making it unstable and short-lived in aqueous solution].

Citations

View all 2 citations: Citation Explorer

Mechanistic Analysis of Influenza A Virus Assembly and Host Gene Regulation
Authors: Chaimayo, Chutikarn
Journal: (2018)

Selective incorporation of vRNP into influenza A virions determined by its specific interaction with M1 protein
Authors: Chaimayo, Chutikarn and Hayashi, Tsuyoshi and Underwood, Andrew and Hodges, Erin and Takimoto, Toru
Journal: Virology (2017): 23--32

References

View all 29 references: Citation Explorer

Optimization of the preparation process of vinblastine sulfate (VBLS)-loaded folate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Zu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Jiang R.
Journal: Int J Nanomedicine (2009): 321

Characterization of bovine serum albumin glycated with glucose, galactose and lactose
Authors: Ledesma-Osuna AI, Ramos-Clamont G, Vazquez-Moreno L.
Journal: Acta Biochim Pol (2008): 491

Improvement of functional properties of bovine serum albumin through phosphorylation by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate
Authors: Enomoto H, Li CP, Morizane K, Ibrahim HR, Sugimoto Y, Ohki S, Ohtomo H, Aoki T.
Journal: J Food Sci (2008): C84

Polyethylene glycol improves conjugation of bovine hemoglobin and human serum albumin in a controlled ratio
Authors: Zheng C, Bi J, Ma G, Su Z.
Journal: Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol (2007): 568

Purification of denatured bovine serum albumin coated CdTe quantum dots for sensitive detection of silver(I) ions
Authors: Wang JH, Wang HQ, Zhang HL, Li XQ, Hua XF, Cao YC, Huang ZL, Zhao YD.
Journal: Anal Bioanal Chem (2007): 969

Effect of lyophilization on the structure and phase changes of PEGylated-bovine serum albumin
Authors: Tattini V, Jr., Parra DF, Polakiewicz B, Pitombo RN.
Journal: Int J Pharm (2005): 124

Preparation of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles surface-modified with glycyrrhizin
Authors: Mao SJ, Hou SX, Zhang LK, Jin H, Bi YQ, Jiang B.
Journal: Yao Xue Xue Bao (2003): 787

Products of spontaneous conjugation of aflatoxins with bovine serum albumin: immunochemical properties
Authors: Burkin AA, Kononenko GP, Soboleva NA.
Journal: Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol (2003): 228

Generation of polyclonal antibody against mu-conotoxin GIIIA using an immunogen of [Cys(5)]mu-conotoxin GIIIA site-specifically conjugated with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Nakamura M, Oba Y, Mori T, Sato K, Ishida Y, Matsuda T, Nakamura H.
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2002): 1037

Mice vaccinated with the O-antigen of Francisella tularensis LVS lipopolysaccharide conjugated to bovine serum albumin develop varying degrees of protective immunity against systemic or aerosol challenge with virulent type A and type B strains of the patho
Authors: Conlan JW, Shen H, Webb A, Perry MB.
Journal: Vaccine (2002): 3465