The components generally required for the cell culture media are as follows:

• Carbon source: Glucose is often used as the carbon source to provide energy for the cells.
• Amino acids: They are the building blocks of protein.
• Vitamins: They can promote cell survival and growth.
• Balanced salt solution: It is used to maintain the optimum osmotic pressure within the cells and provide essential metal ions to serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions.
• Phenol red dye: It is used to indicate pH change. The color of phenol red at neutral pH (7-7.4) is orange/red, which changes to yellow at acidic pH and purple at basic pH.
• Buffer: Maintaining a balanced pH in the media.