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AAT Bioquest

What are the differences between epithelial and endothelial cells?

Posted October 20, 2022


Answer

Epithelial and endothelial cells are two types of cells that line body surfaces. There are several intrinsic differences between these cell types. 

Basis of differentiationEpithelial cellsEndothelial cells
Definition Epithelial cells refer to all types of animal cells that line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels and in surfaces of cavities. Endothelial cells are a type of epithelial cell. They line the interior surface of the circulatory and lymphatic system.
LiningThey line both the internal and external surfaces of the bodyThey line only the internal surfaces of cavities
TypesThe cells may be squamous, cuboidal or columnarThe cells are exclusively squamous.
Structures & number of cell layersEpithelial cells are usually packed tightly like bricks and may consist of a single layer or multiple layers. The cells have different types of structures, which offer protection against damage from the external environmentEndothelial cells consist of a single layer of squamous cells. The mono-layered structure allows water and oxygen molecules to pass easily into the surrounding tissue. 
FuncitonMain functions of the epithelium include protection, secretion, absorption, and transportation.The major function is to regulate blood flow in the blood vessels. The cells also provide slippery, non-sticky surfaces to facilitate the smoother flow of fluids
FilamentsEpithelial cell structures are supported by keratin filaments.Endothelial cells are supported by vimentin filaments. 
Surface layerPapillary projections may be visible on the surface of some epithelial cells. Endothelial cells have a smooth surface without any projections.
Additional resources

Ouabain and Marinobufagenin: Physiological Effects on Human Epithelial and Endothelial Cells

Cell Structures and Organelles

CellPaint™ TSP membrane stain

Spexyte™ Intracellular pH Calibration Buffer Kit