What are the most widely used molecular markers for Treg cells?

Molecular markers are essential tools for identifying and characterizing Treg cells (regulatory T cells).  

The most widely used molecular markers for Treg cells include:

• CD25: CD25 serves as a key marker for Treg cells as it is highly expressed on their surface, contributing to their suppressive functions.
• FOXP3: FOXP3 is a specific marker for natural Tregs or naturally occurring Tregs.
• GITR: GITR or Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor is a surface marker expressed on Treg cells and is involved in their activation and suppressive functions.
• CTLA - 4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is another important marker expressed on Treg cells. It is involved in inhibitory signaling, contributing to Treg cell-mediated immune suppression
• CD127: CD127 is a powerful marker of Treg cells in human peripheral blood

These molecular markers are frequently used in flow cytometry and other immune profiling techniques to identify and analyze Treg cells in various research and clinical settings.