What is hybridization?

Hybridization is the process of combining two original atomic orbitals to create a new set of hybridized orbitals. When atomic orbitals of the same energy level combine, hybridization occurs, leading to the creation of hybrid orbitals with distinct energy levels and shapes. This process involves intermixing both half-filled orbitals and fully-filled orbitals. Hybridization occurs specifically when atoms are forming bonds and not in isolated gaseous atoms. In hybrid orbitals, the larger lobe consistently carries a positive sign, while the smaller lobe on the opposite side carries a negative sign.