What is the extracellular matrix?

The extracellular matrix is a 3D complex network made out of a wide range of multidomain macromolecules organized in a cell/tissue-specific manner. The ECM is responsible for giving support and structure to cells and tissues in the body; it helps cells to bind and communicate with adjacent cells and has a crucial role in cell movement and cell growth. The ECM also is involved in repairing tissue damage, and irregular changes in the ECM may cause malignancies. In addition, the ECM determines and controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, and polarity.