How do chemical bonds work in a cell?

Chemical bonds function in a cell through various processes. Covalent bonds are essential in the chemistry of cells in the body. These bonds are responsible for connecting the chemical units forming a DNA strand. Within the aqueous environment of a cell, bonds involving ions, polar, and water molecules are continually forming and breaking. Molecules of various types interact through charge-based attractions. For instance, a positively charged Na+ ion can interact with a water molecule at one moment and in the next, interact with the negatively charged portion of a protein. In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to achieve a complete outer electron shell. This transfer leads to the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond. A metallic bond is the attractive force between a positively charged metal ion and the surrounding valence electrons. This interaction involves both the metal ion's own valence electrons and the other ions of the same metal. Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces are not considered chemical bonds since they are dipole-dipole interactions.