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D-Luciferin, potassium salt *CAS#: 115144-35-9*

Luciferin is the most popular and versatile bioluminescent substrate. The firefly luciferase/luciferin bioluminescent system is found in the firefly (Photinus pyralis) and several other beetles. Luciferase oxidizes ATP-activated luciferin through a dioxetanone intermediate. Firefly luciferase produces light by the ATP-dependent oxidation of luciferin. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase activity when luciferin and ATP are present in excess. Firefly luciferase has long been conjugated to antibodies and used as a label in immunoassays using luciferin as the substrate for detection. Compared to HRP and alkaline phosphatase, luciferase is less tolerant to chemical modifications. One particular advantage to the enzyme is that there is low endogenous luciferase activity in mammalian tissues besides its high sensitivity. Another important use of luciferase is in the area of hygiene monitoring. The luciferase/luciferin system can be used to detect contamination because ATP, present in all living organisms, is required to produce luminescence. The main application for this type of ATP bioluminescence is quality assurance by testing surfacesin food processing plants to determine whether or not there iscontamination of eitherequipment or products.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of Water needed to reconstitute specific mass of D-Luciferin, potassium salt *CAS#: 115144-35-9* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

0.1 mg0.5 mg1 mg5 mg10 mg
1 mM314.06 µL1.57 mL3.141 mL15.703 mL31.406 mL
5 mM62.812 µL314.06 µL628.121 µL3.141 mL6.281 mL
10 mM31.406 µL157.03 µL314.06 µL1.57 mL3.141 mL

Molarity calculator

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Spectrum

Product family

NameExcitation (nm)Emission (nm)
D-Luciferin, sodium salt *CAS#: 103404-75-7*385529

Citations

View all 23 citations: Citation Explorer
Characterization of novel double-reporter strains of Mycobacterium abscessus for drug discovery: a study in mScarlet
Authors: Bento, Clara M and van Calster, Kevin and Piller, Tatiana and Oliveira, Gabriel S and de Vooght, Linda and Cappoen, Davie and Cos, Paul and Gomes, M Salom{\'e} and Silva, T{\^a}nia
Journal: Microbiology Spectrum (2024): e00362--24
Extracellular vesicle surface display of $\alpha$PD-L1 and $\alpha$CD3 antibodies via engineered late domain-based scaffold to activate T-cell anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Chen, Rui and Kang, Ziqin and Li, Wenhao and Xu, Tianshu and Wang, Yongqiang and Jiang, Qiming and Wang, Yuepeng and Huang, Zixian and Xu, Xiaoding and Huang, Zhiquan
Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (2024): e12490
Timely delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells based on the inflammatory pattern of bone injury environment to promote the repair of calvarial bone defects in rats: An optimized strategy for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zeng, Yuwei and Lou, Aiju and Zhong, Zhenmin and Cai, Yu and Yang, Yixi and Liang, Haifeng and Lin, Yucong and He, Zhuoxuan and Zhou, Lei and Zhang, Zhi-Yong and others,
Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering (2024): 20417314241252960
Bmal1 integrates circadian function and temperature sensing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Hoekstra, Marieke MB and Ness, Natalie and Badia-Soteras, Aina and Brancaccio, Marco
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024): e2316646121
Water Quality Monitoring with the Multiplexed Assay MitoOxTox for Mitochondrial Toxicity, Oxidative Stress Response, and Cytotoxicity in AREc32 Cells
Authors: Lee, Jungeun and König, Maria and Braun, Georg and Escher, Beate I
Journal: Environmental Science \& Technology (2024)

References

View all 113 references: Citation Explorer
Firefly luciferase produces hydrogen peroxide as a coproduct in dehydroluciferyl adenylate formation
Authors: Fraga H, Fern and es D, Novotny J, Fontes R, Esteves da Silva JC.
Journal: Chembiochem (2006): 929
cDNA cloning, expression and homology modeling of a luciferase from the firefly Lampyroidea maculata
Authors: Emamzadeh AR, Hosseinkhani S, Sadeghizadeh M, Nikkhah M, Chaichi MJ, Mortazavi M.
Journal: J Biochem Mol Biol (2006): 578
Cloning and characterization of the homologous genes of firefly luciferase in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Oba Y, Sato M, Inouye S.
Journal: Insect Mol Biol (2006): 293
Structural basis for the spectral difference in luciferase bioluminescence
Authors: Nakatsu T, Ichiyama S, Hiratake J, Saldanha A, Kobashi N, Sakata K, Kato H.
Journal: Nature (2006): 372
Evaluation of firefly luciferase bioluminescence mediated photodynamic toxicity in cancer cells
Authors: Schipper ML, Patel MR, Gambhir SS.
Journal: Mol Imaging Biol (2006): 218
Page updated on October 9, 2024

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Physical properties

Molecular weight

318.41

Solvent

Water

Spectral properties

Excitation (nm)

385

Emission (nm)

529

Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22

Storage

Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC41105331

CAS

115144-35-9
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Gallery Image 1
Diltiazem attenuates 4T1 cells colonization to lung in vivo. A Representative IVIS images of BALB/c mice 21 days after 4T1-luc cells injection. Diltiazem (1, 3 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage, and ddH2O was served as vehicle control. B Quantification of luciferase intensity of mice on days 18, 21, and 25. Graphs showed mean ± S.D. of at least four independent experiments. p value was calculated using Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001 compared to sham group. ###p < 0.001 compared to control group. Source: <b>Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition</b> by Yen-Chang Chen, Chen-Teng Wu, Jia-Hong Chen, Cheng-Fang Tsai, Chen-Yun Wu, Pei-Chun Chang & Wei-Lan Yeh. <em>Oncogenesis</em>. August 2022.
Representative images of photon emission in Arc-Luc Tg HL mice at 4 W and 8 W with acute GLA treatment (80 mg/kg BW i.p.). Mice were subcutaneously implanted with luciferin-filled osmotic pumps and bioluminescence signal images in the forebrain (pseudocolored, 0–10,000 counts) were examined before (at 0 h) and after (at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) acute GLA treatment. Location of ROIs for the forebrain (white circles) is indicated in images at 0 h. Scale bar, 10 mm. Source: <b>Bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain under acute and chronic exposure to pesticides</b> by Hironori Izumi, Tetsuya Ishimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Hisashi Mori. <em>NeuroToxicology</em>. March 2019.
Establishment of a cell-derived xenograft model on the CAM using the RMS cell lines, RD and Rh30. A total of 7 days after transplantation with firefly-expressing RD and Rh30 cells onto the CAM, both tumors formed a mass that could be visualized by adding D-luciferin. Tumor formed on the CAM on day 16 (7 days after transplantation of RD or Rh30 cells). Images on the left were captured on a clean bench, whereas images on the right were observed using the G:BOX Chemi XRQ gel doc system following the addition of luciferin. Source: <b>In ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a xenograft model for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma</b> by Chika Shoji, Ken Kikuchi, Hideki Yoshida, Mitsuru Miyachi, Shigeki Yagyu, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Takaaki Nakaya, Hajime Hosoi, and Tomoko Iehara. <em>Oncology Reports</em>, March 2023.