mFluor™ Violet 500-Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Conjugate
Ordering information
| Price | |
| Catalog Number | |
| Unit Size | |
| Quantity |
Additional ordering information
| Telephone | 1-800-990-8053 |
| Fax | 1-800-609-2943 |
| sales@aatbio.com | |
| International | See distributors |
| Bulk request | Inquire |
| Custom size | Inquire |
| Shipping | Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international |
Physical properties
| Solvent | Water |
Spectral properties
| Absorbance (nm) | 412 |
| Correction Factor (260 nm) | 0.769 |
| Correction Factor (280 nm) | 0.365 |
| Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 250001 |
| Excitation (nm) | 410 |
| Emission (nm) | 501 |
| Quantum yield | 0.811 |
Storage, safety and handling
| H-phrase | H303, H313, H333 |
| Hazard symbol | XN |
| Intended use | Research Use Only (RUO) |
| R-phrase | R20, R21, R22 |
| Storage | Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure |
| UNSPSC | 12171501 |
| Overview |  SDSProtocol |
Absorbance (nm) 412 | Correction Factor (260 nm) 0.769 | Correction Factor (280 nm) 0.365 | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) 250001 | Excitation (nm) 410 | Emission (nm) 501 | Quantum yield 0.811 |
Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is a well-studied lectin known for its binding affinity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid, making it a valuable tool in various biological applications. Its interaction with glycoconjugates enables widespread use of WGA derivatives and conjugates for fluorescence imaging and analysis, facilitating the labeling of yeast bud scars, fibrotic scar tissue, and the cell membranes of gram bacteria and mammalian cells. WGA specifically targets sequences of β-1,4-GlcNAc-linked residues known as chitodextrins. Each monomer contains two identical, non-interacting binding sites complementary to 3 or 4 β-1,4-GlcNAc units. Among the monosaccharides tested, only GlcNAc shows strong binding to WGA, while ManNAc demonstrates no binding, and GalNAc exhibits weak binding. The mFluor™ Violet 500 labeled WGA is well-excited by the violet laser, emitting a bright green fluorescence at 501 nm. Notably, the mFluor™ Violet 500 WGA conjugate retains its ability to bind to sialic acid and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues, enhancing its utility in fluorescence imaging and analysis of various scientific investigations.
Platform
Fluorescence microscope
| Excitation | 410 nm |
| Emission | 501 nm |
| Recommended plate | Black wall/clear bottom |
Example protocol
PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTIONS
Unless otherwise noted, all unused stock solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20 °C after preparation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
mFluor™ Violet 500-Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Conjugate stock solution (200X)
Add 500 µL of ddH2O into the powder form to make a 2 mg/mL stock solution.
Note: The reconstituted conjugate solution can be stored at 2-8 °C for short-term storage or at -20 °C for long-term storage.
PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION
mFluor™ Violet 500-Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Conjugate working solution (1X)
Add 5 µL of 200X WGA conjugate solution to 1 mL HHBS Buffer.
Note: The optimized staining concentration may be different with different cell lines. The recommended starting concentration is 5-10 µg/mL for live cells.
SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
Warm the vial to room temperature centrifuge briefly before opening. Staining protocols vary with applications. Appropriate dilution of conjugates should be determined experimentally.
Live Cells Stain
- Wash cells twice with a HHBS buffer.
Add 100 µL mFluor™ Violet 500-WGA working solution.
- Incubate cells with WGA working solution for 10-30 minutes at 37 °C.
- Wash cells twice with HHBS buffer.
Image cells on a fluorescence microscope using Ex/Em = 410/501 nm.
Fixed Cells Stain
WGA conjugates can be also used to stain fixed cells.
Fix cells with 4% Formaldehyde in PBS.
Note: For fixed cell membrane staining, it is recommended to stain without the permeabilization step. A permeabilization step after fixation can facilitate staining intracellular compartments such as Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) structures.Add 100 µL mFluor™ Violet 500-WGA working solution.
- Incubate cells with WGA working solution for 10-30 minutes at room temperature.
- Wash cells twice with HHBS buffer.
Image cells on a fluorescence microscope using Ex/Em = 410/501 nm.
Spectrum
Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer
Spectral properties
| Absorbance (nm) | 412 |
| Correction Factor (260 nm) | 0.769 |
| Correction Factor (280 nm) | 0.365 |
| Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 250001 |
| Excitation (nm) | 410 |
| Emission (nm) | 501 |
| Quantum yield | 0.811 |
Product Family
| Name | Excitation (nm) | Emission (nm) | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | Quantum yield | Correction Factor (260 nm) | Correction Factor (280 nm) |
| mFluor™ Violet 450-Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Conjugate | 406 | 445 | 350001 | 0.811 | 0.338 | 0.078 |
| mFluor™ Violet 540-Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Conjugate | 402 | 535 | 180001 | 0.211 | 1.326 | 0.543 |
References
View all 50 references: Citation Explorer
Pig sperm membrane microdomains contain a highly glycosylated 15-25-kDa wheat germ agglutinin-binding protein.
Authors: Kasekarn, Waraporn and Kanazawa, Takeru and Hori, Kazuki and Tsuchiyama, Tomoyuki and Lian, Xue and Garénaux, Estelle and Kongmanas, Kessiri and Tanphaichitr, Nongnuj and Yasue, Hiroshi and Sato, Chihiro and Kitajima, Ken
Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2012): 356-62
Authors: Kasekarn, Waraporn and Kanazawa, Takeru and Hori, Kazuki and Tsuchiyama, Tomoyuki and Lian, Xue and Garénaux, Estelle and Kongmanas, Kessiri and Tanphaichitr, Nongnuj and Yasue, Hiroshi and Sato, Chihiro and Kitajima, Ken
Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2012): 356-62
Measurement of wheat germ agglutinin binding with a fluorescence microscope.
Authors: Model, Michael A and Reese, Jennifer L and Fraizer, Gail C
Journal: Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology (2009): 874-81
Authors: Model, Michael A and Reese, Jennifer L and Fraizer, Gail C
Journal: Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology (2009): 874-81
Characterization of the wheat germ agglutinin binding to self-assembled monolayers of neoglycoconjugates by AFM and SPR.
Authors: Lienemann, Michael and Paananen, Arja and Boer, Harry and de la Fuente, Jesús M and García, Isabel and Penadés, Soledad and Koivula, Anu
Journal: Glycobiology (2009): 633-43
Authors: Lienemann, Michael and Paananen, Arja and Boer, Harry and de la Fuente, Jesús M and García, Isabel and Penadés, Soledad and Koivula, Anu
Journal: Glycobiology (2009): 633-43
Wheat germ agglutinin-binding glycoproteins are decreased in Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid.
Authors: Fodero, L R and Sáez-Valero, J and Barquero, M S and Marcos, A and McLean, C A and Small, D H
Journal: Journal of neurochemistry (2001): 1022-6
Authors: Fodero, L R and Sáez-Valero, J and Barquero, M S and Marcos, A and McLean, C A and Small, D H
Journal: Journal of neurochemistry (2001): 1022-6
Distribution of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin binding sites in the rat peripheral nerve fibres revealed by lectin/glycoprotein-gold histochemistry.
Authors: Dolapchieva, S
Journal: The Histochemical journal (1996): 7-12
Authors: Dolapchieva, S
Journal: The Histochemical journal (1996): 7-12
Protein 1a: a major wheat germ agglutinin binding protein on the surface of human granulocytes associated with the cytoskeleton.
Authors: Mehta, P and Zingde, S and Advani, S and Desai, H and Gothoskar, B
Journal: Molecular and cellular biochemistry (1995): 153-65
Authors: Mehta, P and Zingde, S and Advani, S and Desai, H and Gothoskar, B
Journal: Molecular and cellular biochemistry (1995): 153-65
Characterization of the wheat germ agglutinin-binding property of Treponema denticola.
Authors: Grenier, D and Groleau, D and Nanci, A
Journal: Journal of periodontal research (1993): 211-8
Authors: Grenier, D and Groleau, D and Nanci, A
Journal: Journal of periodontal research (1993): 211-8
Ultrastructural localization of wheat germ agglutinin binding sites on the sperm surface of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). A fracture label study.
Authors: Bains, H K and Pabst, M A and Werner, G and Bawa, S R
Journal: Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology (1993): 465-70
Authors: Bains, H K and Pabst, M A and Werner, G and Bawa, S R
Journal: Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology (1993): 465-70
Microcalorimetric study of wheat germ agglutinin binding to N-acetylglucosamine and its oligomers.
Authors: Bains, G and Lee, R T and Lee, Y C and Freire, E
Journal: Biochemistry (1992): 12624-8
Authors: Bains, G and Lee, R T and Lee, Y C and Freire, E
Journal: Biochemistry (1992): 12624-8
Wheat germ agglutinin binding to serum 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase.
Authors: Novo, F J and Tutor, J C
Journal: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (1991): 101-2
Authors: Novo, F J and Tutor, J C
Journal: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (1991): 101-2