Phalloidin-iFluor® 405 Conjugate

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Telephone	1-800-990-8053
Fax	1-800-609-2943
Email	sales@aatbio.com
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Shipping	Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international

Physical properties

Molecular weight	~1100
Solvent	DMSO

Spectral properties

Correction Factor (260 nm)	0.48
Correction Factor (280 nm)	0.77
Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	37000¹
Excitation (nm)	403
Emission (nm)	427
Quantum yield	0.91¹

Storage, safety and handling

H-phrase	H301, H311, H331
Hazard symbol	T
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R23, R24, R25
Storage	Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC	12352200

Overview SDS Protocol

Molecular weight

~1100

Correction Factor (260 nm)

0.48

Correction Factor (280 nm)

0.77

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)

37000¹

Excitation (nm)

403

Emission (nm)

427

Quantum yield

0.91¹

This blue fluorescent phalloidin conjugate (equivalent to Alexa Fluor® 405-labeled phalloidin) selectively binds to F-actins. Used at nanomolar concentrations, phalloidin derivatives are convenient probes for labeling, identifying and quantitating F-actins in formaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized tissue sections, cell cultures or cell-free experiments. Phalloidin binds to actin filaments much more tightly than to actin monomers, leading to a decrease in the rate constant for the dissociation of actin subunits from filament ends, essentially stabilizing actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerization. Moreover, phalloidin is found to inhibit the ATP hydrolysis activity of F-actin. Phalloidin functions differently at various concentrations in cells. When introduced into the cytoplasm at low concentrations, phalloidin recruits the less polymerized forms of cytoplasmic actin as well as filamin into stable "islands" of aggregated actin polymers, yet it does not interfere with stress fibers, i.e. thick bundles of microfilaments. The property of phalloidin is a useful tool for investigating the distribution of F-actin in cells by labeling phalloidin with fluorescent analogs and using them to stain actin filaments for light microscopy. Fluorescent derivatives of phalloidin have turned out to be enormously useful in localizing actin filaments in living or fixed cells as well as for visualizing individual actin filaments in vitro. Fluorescent phalloidin derivatives have been used as an important tool in the study of actin networks at high resolution. AAT Bioquest offers a variety of fluorescent phalloidin derivatives with different colors for multicolor imaging applications.

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol Summary

Prepare samples in microplate wells
Remove liquid from samples in the plate
Add Phalloidin-iFluor™ 405 Conjugate solution (100 μL/well)
Stain the cells at room temperature for 20 to 90 minutes
Wash the cells
Examine the specimen under microscope with DAPI filter

Important Warm the vial to room temperature and centrifuge briefly before opening.

Storage and Handling Conditions

The solution should be stable for at least 6 months if store at -20 °C. Protect the fluorescent conjugates from light, and avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Note Phalloidin is toxic, although the amount of toxin present in a vial could be lethal only to a mosquito (LD50 of phalloidin = 2 mg/kg), it should be handled with care.

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

Phalloidin-iFluor™ 405 Conjugate working solution

Add 1 µL of Phalloidin-iFluor™ 405 Conjugate solution to 1 mL of PBS with 1% BSA.
Note The stock solution of phalloidin conjugate should be aliquoted and stored at -20 °C. protected from light.
Note Different cell types might be stained differently. The concentration of phalloidin conjugate working solution should be prepared accordingly.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Stain the cells

Perform formaldehyde fixation. Incubate cells with 3.0–4.0 % formaldehyde in PBS at room temperature for 10–30 minutes.
Note Avoid any methanol containing fixatives since methanol can disrupt actin during the fixation process. The preferred fixative is methanol-free formaldehyde.
Rinse the fixed cells 2–3 times in PBS.
Optional: Add 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS into fixed cells for 3 to 5 minutes to increase permeability. Rinse the cells 2–3 times in PBS.
Add 100 μL/well (96-well plate) of Phalloidin-iFluor™ 405 Conjugate working solution into the fixed cells, and stain the cells at room temperature for 20 to 90 minutes.
Rinse cells gently with PBS 2 to 3 times to remove excess phalloidin conjugate before plating, sealing and imaging under microscope with DAPI filter set.

Spectrum

Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer

Spectral properties

Correction Factor (260 nm)	0.48
Correction Factor (280 nm)	0.77
Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	37000¹
Excitation (nm)	403
Emission (nm)	427
Quantum yield	0.91¹

Product Family

Name	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)	Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	Quantum yield	Correction Factor (260 nm)	Correction Factor (280 nm)
Phalloidin-iFluor® 350 Conjugate	345	450	20000¹	0.95¹	0.83	0.23
Phalloidin-iFluor® 488 Conjugate	491	516	75000¹	0.9¹	0.21	0.11
Phalloidin-iFluor® 514 Conjugate	511	527	75000¹	0.83¹	0.265	0.116
Phalloidin-iFluor® 532 Conjugate	537	560	90000¹	0.68¹	0.26	0.16
Phalloidin-iFluor® 555 Conjugate	557	570	100000¹	0.64¹	0.23	0.14
Phalloidin-iFluor® 594 Conjugate	587	603	200000¹	0.53¹	0.05	0.04
Phalloidin-iFluor® 633 Conjugate	640	654	250000¹	0.29¹	0.062	0.044
Phalloidin-iFluor® 647 Conjugate	656	670	250000¹	0.25¹	0.03	0.03
Phalloidin-iFluor® 680 Conjugate	684	701	220000¹	0.23¹	0.097	0.094
Phalloidin-iFluor® 700 Conjugate	690	713	220000¹	0.23¹	0.09	0.04
Phalloidin-iFluor® 750 Conjugate	757	779	275000¹	0.12¹	0.044	0.039
Phalloidin-iFluor® 790 Conjugate	787	812	250000¹	0.13¹	0.1	0.09
iFluor® 405-streptavidin conjugate	403	427	37000¹	0.91¹	0.48	0.77
Show More (4)

Images

Figure 1. Chemical structure for Phalloidin-iFluor® 405 Conjugate

Figure 2. vLMW-F decrease actin polymerization and vesicle markers expression at plasma membrane. (A) LCLs (J1209, C0401, C1504) and DLBCLs (U2932, OCILy10, SUDHL4, SUDHL6) cells were treated or not (control) with 100µg/mL of native fucoidan or vLMW-F (F1 and F2) for 48 h, followed by phalloidin staining (F-actin, blue) and TOPRO-3 (nuclei, red) before confocal microscopy observations. Source: Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic vLMW Fucoidan Formulas Decrease PD-L1 Surface Expression in EBV Latency III and DLBCL Tumoral B-Cells by Decreasing Actin Network by Saliba et. al., Mar. Drugs Feb. 2023.

Figure 3. A Wnt ┫Pp1 signaling axis promotes ciliogenesis in motile cilia. Immunofluorescent image of MCCs for indicated proteins in St. 27 ccny/l1 morphants co-injected with Flag-ppp1r11 DNA. Actin labeled with Phalloidin-iFluor 405. Scale bar 5 µm. Source: Mucociliary Wnt signaling promotes cilia biogenesis and beating by Seidl et. al. Nature Communications. March 2023.

Citations

View all 53 citations: Citation Explorer

Osteoblast cell behavior on polyetheretherketone dental implant surfaces treated with different grit size aluminum oxide particles: An in vitro analysis
Authors: Gaikwad, Amit and Parizi, Marjan Kheirmand and Winkel, Andreas and Stiesch, Meike
Journal: The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (2024)

mRNA-Laden Lipid-Nanoparticle-Enabled in Situ CAR-Macrophage Engineering for the Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Sepsis Mouse Model
Authors: Tang, Chunwei and Jing, Weiqiang and Han, Kun and Yang, Zhenmei and Zhang, Shengchang and Liu, Miaoyan and Zhang, Jing and Zhao, Xiaotian and Liu, Ying and Shi, Chongdeng and others,
Journal: ACS nano (2024)

Loss of polarity regulators initiates gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis in syncytiotrophoblasts
Authors: Patel, Khushali and Nguyen, Jasmine and Shaha, Sumaiyah and Brightwell, Amy and Duan, Wendy and Zubkowski, Ashley and Domingo, Ivan K and Riddell, Meghan
Journal: Life Science Alliance (2023)

Atypical Protein Kinase C isoforms maintain human placental syncytiotrophoblast polarity
Authors: Patel, Khushali
Journal: (2023)

Atomic force microscopy--based assessment of multimechanical cellular properties for classification of graded bladder cancer cells and cancer early diagnosis using machine learning analysis
Authors: Zhu, Xinyao and Qin, Rui and Qu, Kaige and Wang, Zuobin and Zhao, Xuexia and Xu, Wei
Journal: Acta Biomaterialia (2023): 358--373

Mucociliary Wnt signaling promotes cilia biogenesis and beating
Authors: Seidl, Carina and Da Silva, Fabio and Zhang, Kaiqing and Wohlgemuth, Kai and Omran, Heymut and Niehrs, Christof
Journal: Nature Communications (2023): 1259

Siglec-6 mediates the uptake of extracellular vesicles through a noncanonical glycolipid binding pocket
Authors: Schmidt, Edward N and Lamprinaki, Dimitra and McCord, Kelli A and Joe, Maju and Sojitra, Mirat and Waldow, Ayk and Nguyen, Jasmine and Monyror, John and Kitova, Elena N and Mozaneh, Fahima and others,
Journal: Nature Communications (2023): 2327

Repurposing tamoxifen as potential host-directed therapeutic for tuberculosis
Authors: Boland, Ralf and Heemskerk, Matthias T and Forn-Cun{\'\i}, Gabriel and Korbee, Cornelis J and Walburg, Kimberley V and Esselink, Jeroen J and Carvalho dos Santos, Carina and de Waal, Amy M and van der Hoeven, Daniel CM and van der Sar, Elisa and others,
Journal: Mbio (2023): e03024--22

IFITM1 inhibits trophoblast invasion and is induced in placentas associated with IFN-mediated pregnancy diseases
Authors: Degrelle, S{\'e}verine A and Buchrieser, Julian and Dupressoir, Anne and Porrot, Fran{\c{c}}oise and Loeuillet, Laurence and Schwartz, Olivier and Fournier, Thierry
Journal: iScience (2023)

Down Syndrome is Associated with Altered Frequency and Functioning of Tracheal Multiciliated Cells, and Response to Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Thomas, Samantha N and Niemeyer, Brian F and Jimenez-Valdes, Rocio J and Kaiser, Alexander J and Espinosa, Joaquin M and Sullivan, Kelly D and Goodspeed, Andrew and Costello, James C and Alder, Jonathan K and Ca{\~n}as-Arranz, Rodrigo and others,
Journal: iScience (2023)

References

View all 127 references: Citation Explorer

Improved penile histology by phalloidin stain: circular and longitudinal cavernous smooth muscles, dual-endothelium arteries, and erectile dysfunction-associated changes
Authors: Lin G, Qiu X, F and el TM, Albersen M, Wang Z, Lue TF, Lin CS.
Journal: Urology (2011): 970 e1

Phalloidin perturbs the interaction of human non-muscle myosin isoforms 2A and 2C1 with F-actin
Authors: Diensthuber RP, Muller M, Heissler SM, Taft MH, Chizhov I, Manstein DJ.
Journal: FEBS Lett (2011): 767

pH-(low)-insertion-peptide (pHLIP) translocation of membrane impermeable phalloidin toxin inhibits cancer cell proliferation
Authors: An M, Wijesinghe D, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Engelman DM.
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010): 20246

Labeling cytoskeletal F-actin with rhodamine phalloidin or fluorescein phalloidin for imaging
Authors: Chazotte B., undefined
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2010): pdb prot4947

Protective effect of bile acid derivatives in phalloidin-induced rat liver toxicity
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Hierro C, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 21

Effect of Phalloidin on Filaments Polymerized from Heart Muscle Adp-Actin Monomers
Authors: Vig A, Dudas R, Kupi T, Orban J, Hild G, Lorinczy D, Nyitrai M.
Journal: J Therm Anal Calorim (2009): 721

In vitro inhibition of OATP-mediated uptake of phalloidin using bile acid derivatives
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Vicens M, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 13

Processing of the phalloidin proprotein by prolyl oligopeptidase from the mushroom Conocybe albipes
Authors: Luo H, Hallen-Adams HE, Walton JD.
Journal: J Biol Chem (2009): 18070

Pygmy squids and giant brains: mapping the complex cephalopod CNS by phalloidin staining of vibratome sections and whole-mount preparations
Authors: Wollesen T, Loesel R, Wanninger A.
Journal: J Neurosci Methods (2009): 63

Anti-acetylated tubulin antibody staining and phalloidin staining in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Genikhovich G, Technau U.
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2009): pdb prot5283