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AAT Bioquest

Annexin V

XFD488 Same Structure to Alexa Fluor™ 488
XFD488 is manufactured by AAT Bioquest, and it has the same chemical structure of Alexa Fluor® 488 (Alexa Fluor® is the trademark of ThermoFisher). Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in the presence of calcium. Annexin V is a valuable tool for studying cell apoptosis. It is used as a probe to detect cells which have expressed phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, a feature found in apoptosis as well as other forms of cell death. In apoptosis, PS is transferred to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The appearance of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface is a universal indicator of the initial/intermediate stages of cell apoptosis and can be detected before morphological changes can be observed. There are a variety of parameters that can be used for monitoring cell viability. Annexin V-dye conjugates are widely used to monitor cell apoptosis through measuring the translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS). XFD488-Annexin V conjugate has the same molecule as the Alexa Fluor® 488-Annexin V. This probe is one of the most popular fluorescent dye-Annexin V conjugates used for monitoring cell apoptosis.

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol Summary
  1. Prepare cells with test compounds (200 µL/sample).

  2. Add Annexin V conjugate assay solution.

  3. Incubate at room temperature for 30-60 minutes.

  4. Analyze with a flow cytometer or a fluorescence microscope.

Storage and Handling Conditions

The fluorescent annexin V conjugates are stored in a PBS buffer solution containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a pH of 7.4. To ensure their stability, it is recommended that the solutions be stored at a temperature of -20°C and protected from light. Avoid exposing the fluorescent conjugates to repeated freeze-thaw cycles as this can have a negative effect on their integrity. These solutions can be stored for at least 6 months under the recommended conditions.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Prepare and Incubate Cells with Annexin V Conjugate
  1. Prepare an Annexin V-binding assay buffer: 10 mM HEPES, 140 mM NaCl, and 2.5 mM CaCl2, pH 7.4.

  2. Treat cells with test compounds for a desired period of time (e.g., 4-6 hours for Jurkat cells treated with staurosporine) to induce apoptosis.

  3. Centrifuge the cells to get 1-5×105 cells/tube.

  4. Resuspend cells in 200 μL of the Annexin V-binding assay buffer from Step 1.

  5. Add 2 μL of the Annexin V conjugate to the cells.

    Optional: Add a dead cell stain such as Propidium Iodide (Cat No. 17585) into the cells for necrosis cells.

  6. Incubate at room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes, protected from light.

  7. Add 300 μL of the Annexin V-binding assay buffer (from Step 1) to increase volume before analyzing the cells with
    a flow cytometer or fluorescence microscope.

  8. Monitor the fluorescence intensity by using a flow cytometer or a fluorescence microscope.

Flow Cytometer Protocol
  1. Quantify Annexin V conjugates binding by using a flow cytometer with appropriate filters.

    Note: It is not common to perform Annexin V binding flow cytometric analysis on adherent cells due to the possibility of membrane damage during cell detachment or harvesting. However, previous studies by Casiola-Rosen et al. and van Engelend et al. (refer to Refs 1 and 2) have demonstrated methods for using Annexin V in flow cytometry on adherent cell types.

Fluorescence Microscope Protocol
  1. Pipette the cell suspension from Step 6, rinse 1-2 times with Annexin V-binding assay buffer (Step 1), and then resuspend the cells with the Annexin V-binding assay buffer (Step 1).

  2. Add the cells on a glass slide that is covered with a glass cover slip.

    Note: For adherent cells, it is recommended to grow the cells directly on a cover slip. 

  3. After incubation with Annexin V conjugate (Step 6), rinse 1-2 times with Annexin V-binding assay buffer (Step 1), and add
    Annexin V-binding assay buffer (Step 1) back to the cover slip.

  4. Invert the cover slip on a glass slide and visualize the cells. The cells can also be fixed in 2% formaldehyde after incubation with Annexin V conjugate and visualized under a microscope with the appropriate filter set.

APPENDIX

References
  1. Pascal Clerc, Pauline Jeanjean, Nicolas Halalli, Michel Gougeon, Bernard Pipy, Julian Carrey, Daniel Fourmy, Véronique Gigoux. Journal of Controlled Release (2017).

  2. Hanshaw RG, Lakshmi C, Lambert TN, Johnson JR, Smith BD. Chembiochem, 6, 2214. (2005).

Spectrum

Product family

NameExcitation (nm)Emission (nm)Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)Quantum yieldCorrection Factor (260 nm)Correction Factor (280 nm)
Annexin V-Cy3 conjugate55556915000010.1510.070.073
Annexin V-Cy5 conjugate65667025000010.2510.030.03
Annexin V-Cy7 conjugate7567792500000.30.050.036
Annexin V, XFD350 conjugate *XFD350 Same Structure to Alexa Fluor™ 350*34344119000-0.250.19
Annexin V, XFD594 conjugate *XFD594 Same Structure to Alexa Fluor™ 594*590618920000.6610.430.56
Annexin V, PacBlue conjugate404455460000.780.150.2

Citations

View all 5 citations: Citation Explorer
Identifying GPCRs involved in adipose tissue function using the innovative RNA-seq database FATTLAS
Authors: Kaczmarek, Isabell and Wower, Isabel and Ettig, Katja and Kuhn, Christina Katharina and Kraft, Robert and Landgraf, Kathrin and K{\"o}rner, Antje and Sch{\"o}neberg, Torsten and Horn, Susanne and Thor, Doreen
Journal: iScience (2023): 107841
SLC11A2: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in ovarian cancer
Authors: Tian, Liming and Li, Xuemei and Lai, Huiling and Sun, Tingting and Li, Xiaohui and Wu, Linxiang and Wu, Chuling and Yao, Shuzhong and Ren, Yufeng and He, Shasha and others,
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023): 1132
Succinate receptor 1 inhibits mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells addicted to glutamine
Authors: Rabe, Philipp and Liebing, Aenne-Dorothea and Krumbholz, Petra and Kraft, Robert and St{\"a}ubert, Claudia
Journal: Cancer letters (2022): 91--102
Targeted Magnetic Intra-Lysosomal Hyperthermia produces lysosomal reactive oxygen species and causes Caspase-1 dependent cell death
Authors: Clerc, Pascal and Jeanjean, Pauline and Halalli, Nicolas and Gougeon, Michel and Pipy, Bernard and Carrey, Julian and Fourmy, Daniel and Gigoux, Véronique
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)

References

View all 32 references: Citation Explorer
Gold fluorescent annexin A5 as a novel apoptosis detection tool
Authors: Kurschus FC, Pal PP, Baumler P, Jenne DE, Wiltschi B, Budisa N.
Journal: Cytometry A (2009): 626
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and Omi/HtrA2 induce annexin A2 cleavage followed by cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis
Authors: Wang CY, Lin YS, Su WC, Chen CL, Lin CF.
Journal: Mol Biol Cell (2009): 4153
Detection of apoptosis induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus in vitro through fluorescein annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling
Authors: Chen S, Cheng AC, Wang MS, Peng X.
Journal: World J Gastroenterol (2008): 2174
Measurement of annexin V uptake and lactadherin labeling for the quantification of apoptosis in adherent Tca8113 and ACC-2 cells
Authors: Hu T, Shi J, Jiao X, Zhou J, Yin X.
Journal: Braz J Med Biol Res (2008): 750
Evaluation of annexin V and Calcein-AM as markers of mononuclear cell apoptosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Palma PF, Baggio GL, Spada C, Silva RD, Ferreira SI, Treitinger A.
Journal: Braz J Infect Dis (2008): 108
Page updated on October 8, 2024

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Physical properties

Molecular weight

~36000

Solvent

Water

Spectral properties

Correction Factor (260 nm)

0.30

Correction Factor (280 nm)

0.11

Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)

71000

Excitation (nm)

499

Emission (nm)

520

Quantum yield

0.921

Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22

Storage

Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC12352200

Platform

Flow cytometer

Excitation488 nm laser
Emission530, 30 nm filter
Instrument specification(s)FITC channel

Fluorescence microscope

ExcitationFITC filter set
EmissionFITC filter set
Recommended plateBlack wall, clear bottom